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See Break-up of AT&T and the Story of MCI
In the 1980s and 1990s, MCI would play a vital role in the creation of the Internet, winning contracts from NSF to operate the NSFNET in the 1980s and the vBNS in the 1990s.
In 1998, MCI merged with WCOM. MCI's Internet assets were divested and sold to Cable & Wireless; MCI's vBNS services however went to WCOM. (WCOM would eventually be acquired by Verizon).
Timeline
- 1995: The very high speed Backbone Network System (vBNS) and the Next Generation Internet (NGI) are funded in part by NSF. NSF and MCI are entirely responsible for vBNS.
- 1994:
- MFS expands MAEs into LA, Houston, Dallas, and Chicago. [Cryptome Mae Birdseye]
- 1990: On September 17, MERIT, IBM, and MCI formed the non profit ANS in September after receipt of NSF's email; ANS would operate the NSFNET. [NSF IG Sec. III.C.1.] [Kesan p 100
- 1988:
- 1987: Receives contract to build NSF's new network, NSFNET
- 1984: MCI installed Single Mode Fiber Optic Cable between NYC and WDC which went into operations in 1984.
- 1982: MCI acquires Western Union's network from Xerox
- 1971: MCI partnered with Lockheed to form COMSTAT [Hagley Growing MCI]
- 1963: October 3 Microwave Corporation, Inc. (MCI) founded, John D. Goeken President
Mergers
1998 MCI / WCOM
- 1998
- July 15, MCI announced that it had agreed to sell all of its Internet business to C&W for $1.75 billion. [MCI/WCOM Order para 151]
- September 15: merger with WCOM is completed
- 1997: Nov. 10: MCI accepts WCOM's bid to merge
1994 MCI / BT
"MCI has agreed with British Telecommunications plc ("BT") to create NewCo, a joint venture that will offer international enhanced telecommunications services. BT will also purchase 20% of MCI's stock and will have the right to appoint three of MCI's fifteen directors. BT is the dominant telephone company in the United Kingdom, as it is the provider of almost all local telephone service and has high market shares in domestic long distance and international service. Vertical affiliation between a US international long distance provider and a foreign carrier with a local bottleneck and market power in its home market is likely to reduce competition in the United States, by creating incentives for the foreign carrier to favor its US affiliate over other providers in access to its local, domestic long distance and international telecommunications services and to its network. Thus, the agreement between MCI and BT may substantially reduce competition in international telecommunications services and enhanced telecommunications services markets because BT will have the incentive and ability to discriminate in favor of the joint venture and MCI and to take other steps that could lessen competition. The result is likely to be higher prices and lower quality service for US consumers." US v. MCI Corporation and BT Fourty-Eight Company, Civil Action No. 94 1317(TFH), Complaint for Judgment and Injunctive Relief (June 15, 1994)
1993 MCI acquires Tymnet from British Telecom. Tymnet has been set up by Tymshare as a public packet switched network in 1976. In 1984 Tymnet was sold to McDonnell Douglas and in 1989 it was sold to British Telecom for $355m. [History of Telenet]
- United States v. Concert PLC [Formerly BT Forty-Eight Company] and MCI Communications Corporation
- Order Terminating Modified Final Judgment (April 14, 1999)
- Motion to Enter Order Terminating Modified Final Judgment (April 14, 1999)
- [Proposed] Modified Final Judgment (July 7, 1997)
- United States v. MCI Communications Corporation and BT Forty-Eight Company
- Memorandum of the United States in Support of Modification of the Final Judgment (July 7, 1997)
- Stipulation (July 7, 1997)
- Motion of the United States for Modification of Final Judgment (July 7, 1997)
- Final Judgment (September 28, 1994)
- Motion for Entry of Final Judgment (September 26, 1994)
- Competitive Impact Statement (June 15, 1994)
- [Proposed] Final Judgment (June 15, 1994)
- Stipulation (June 10, 1994)
- "Complaint for Judgment and Injunctive Relief (Antitrust) : MCI Communications Corporation and BT Forty-Eight Company ("NewCo")." United States Department of Justice. (1994) ("Vertical affiliation between a US international long distance provider and a foreign carrier with a local bottleneck and market power in its home market is likely to reduce competition in the United States, by creating incentives for the foreign carrier to favor its US affiliate over other providers in access to its local, domestic long distance and international telecommunications services and to its network. Thus, the agreement between MCI and BT may substantially reduce competition in international telecommunications services and enhanced telecommunications services markets because BT will have the incentive and ability to discriminate in favor of the joint venture and MCI and to take other steps that could lessen competition. The result is likely to be higher prices and lower quality service for US consumers.")
References
- Cantelon, Philip L. (1993). The History of MCI: 1968–1988, The Early Years. Dallas: Heritage Press. LCC HE8864.M375C36 1993
- Kahaner, Larry (1987). On The Line. Warner Books. ISBN 0-446-38550-6.
- William G. McGowan's MCI, 1968 to 1991 (Online exhibit produced by the Hagley Museum and Library on the life of MCI CEO William McGowan) ("While AT&T would buy an entire farm to build a tower, MCI would negotiate for only the use of the space needed for the tower and equipment shed. When one landowner refused to allow tower construction, the MCI construction crew offered to decorate it every Christmas (she finally agreed). The MCI construction crews thought of themselves as pioneers")
News
- Pennsylvania Suddenly Not Sure Why It Approved Verizon-MCI Merger, Techdirt 2/23/2007
- Verizon closes book on MCI merger. CNET January 6, 2006
- "WorldCom to emerge from collapse." CNN. Monday April 14, 2003
- Ebbers indicted, ex-CFO pleads guilty". CNN. March 2, 2004
- John Geralds Former WorldCom exec pleads guilty. vnunet.com. 27 Sep 2002
- Backover, Andrew (October 7, 2002). "Another guilty plea in WorldCom fraud case". USA Today.
- 2 More WorldCom Execs Plead Guilty. CBSnews.com (2009-02-11)