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SPAM Reference

Law

S.877 CAN-SPAM Act of 2003 | Public Law 108-187 pdf
Controlling the Assault of Non-Solicited Pornography and Marketing Act of 2003
A bill to regulate interstate commerce by imposing limitations and penalties on the transmission of unsolicited commercial electronic mail via the Internet. Sponsor: Sen Burns, Conrad R. [MT] (introduced 4/10/2003), Senate 5/2/03

Codified as

15 USC 7701 et seq (FTC)

18 USC 1037 Fraud and Related Activity in Connection with Electronic Mail (DOJ)

47 USC 227(c) (FCC)

Legis History in sum: "S. 877 was introduced by Sen. Burns on April 10, 2003.  On October 22, 2003, the measure was agreed to in the Senate with an amendment by a vote of 97 - 0 (Record Vote Number: 404).  On November 22, 2003 (legislative day of November 21) the bill was agreed to by a vote of 392 - 5 (Roll No. 671).  On November 25, 2003, the Senate concurred in the House amendment with an amendment by unanimous consent.  On December 8, 2003, the House agreed to the Senate amendment to the House amendment without objection." GOP.gov

Reps. Billy Tauzin (R-LA), Chairman of the House Energy and Commerce Committee, and John Dingell (D-MI), the Committee's ranking member released their versions of the Legislative History on Jan 28

Hearing on the Unsolicited Commercial E-Mail 2001 (H.R. 95) Before the Senate Communications Subcommittee, Apr. 26, 2001

149 Cong. Rec. H12186-02

Cost Estimate "CBO estimates that implementing S. 877 would cost about $1 million in 2004 and about $2 million a year in 2005 and thereafter, assuming appropriation of the necessary amounts. CBO estimates that civil penalties collected as a result of enacting this bill would increase governmental receipts (revenues) by about $3 million a year when fully implemented (by 2005). The bill also would have additional effects on revenues and direct spending by imposing costs on banking regulators and by creating new criminal penalties. However, CBO estimates that those additional effects would be negligible."  CBO Cost Estimate for S 877

Supremacy Clause:  Can SPAM Reporedly pre empts state SPAM laws.

Blacklists: "(c) NO EFFECT ON POLICIES OF PROVIDERS OF INTERNET ACCESS SERVICE- Nothing in this Act shall be construed to have any effect on the lawfulness or unlawfulness, under any other provision of law, of the adoption, implementation, or enforcement by a provider of Internet access service of a policy of declining to transmit, route, relay, handle, or store certain types of electronic mail messages."

FTC Studies:

Do not email registry (authorized but not required)

Special labeling of sexually explicit spam

Labelling of all spam

Bounty system to promote enforcement.

Report to Congress due in 2 years

Wireless SPAM: Sec. 14 of the Act gives authority to the FCC to do something about SPAM to wireless devices. The FCC must adopt rules implementing the Act within 9 months (end of September 2004).

• Tim Murris FTC Ask the Whitehouse on the CAN SPAM Act Transcript
• Fact Sheet: President Bush Signs Anti-Spam Law WhiteHouse  December 16, 2003
• May 21 9:30 a.m. Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation To hold hearings to examine issues related to computer spam. SR-253, Senate 5/19/03
• GOP.gov S 877 Can Spam Act
• Whitehouse Statement on S 877 Oct 2003
• CDT's section-by-section analysis of the CAN-SPAM Act [pdf] (Dec. 2003)
• CAUSE Disappointment with Can SPAM Act
• Paul Rushmann Summary of the Can SPAM Act
• Lyris FAQs re Can Spam Act

Other Relevant Laws

• Title 18, United States Code, Section 1030 (fraud and related activity in connection with computers)
• Title 18, United States Code, Section 2319 (criminalInfringement of a copyright)
• Title 18, United States Code, Section 1343 (wire fraud)
• Telephone Consumer Protection Act (FCC) 

Legislation

• Counter Spy Act of 2007, S 1625

Proceedings

• For Release: May 12, 2008 FTC Approves New Rule Provision Under The CAN-SPAM Act
  • The new rule provisions address four topics:
    • (1) an e-mail recipient cannot be required to pay a fee, provide information other than his or her e-mail address and opt-out preferences, or take any steps other than sending a reply e-mail message or visiting a single Internet Web page to opt out of receiving future e-mail from a sender;
    • (2) the definition of "sender" was modified to make it easier to determine which of multiple parties advertising in a single e-mail message is responsible for complying with the Act's opt-out requirements;
    • (3) a "sender" of commercial e-mail can include an accurately-registered post office box or private mailbox established under United States Postal Service regulations to satisfy the Act's requirement that a commercial e-mail display a "valid physical postal address"; and
    • (4) a definition of the term "person" was added to clarify that CAN-SPAM's obligations are not limited to natural persons.
• Press Release
• Text of the Federal Register Notice [Register PDF Format]

Caselaw

Federal District Court

• Aitken v. Communications Works of America , No. 1:06cv1161 (EDVA July 12, 2007).
• Defendant union created Yahoo! email accounts impersonating Verizon officers and sent out emails to employees of Verizon extolling the virtues of union membership. The question before the court was whether these emails which had falsified headers were commercial in nature in order to fall under the CAN SPAM Act. The court found that the emails were solicitations to exchange union dues for union membership and therefore were commercial in nature; the fact that the union is a non-profit had no bearing on whether the email was a part of a commercial transaction.
• Intel v. Hamidi Stanford Cyberlaw Clinic 71 P.3d 296 (Cal. 2003).
• Hypertouch, Inc. v. Kennedy-Western University, No. 3:04-cv-05203-SI (N.D. Cal. March 8, 2006) (Free email ISP is an "Internet access service).
• AOL. v. Nat. Health Care Discount, Inc., 121 F.Supp.2d 1255 (N.D. Iowa 2000) (applying Trespass to Chattels to spam case)
• AOL. v. LCGM, 46 F. Supp. 2d 444 (E.D. Va. 1998) (applying Trespass to Chattels to spam case)
• AOL v. IMS, 24 F. Supp. 2d 548 (E.D. Va. 1998) (applying Trespass to Chattels to spam case)
• CompuServ Inc v. Cyber Promotions Inc., 962 FSupp 1015 (SDOH 1997) (applying Trespass to Chattels to spam case)

State Court

• Pallorium, Inc. v Jared (Cal Ct. App. 2007) (unpublished) (defendant who maintained a public database of open relay servers - computers frequently exploited in order to distribute spam - is immune from liability pursuant to Good Samaritan provisions of the CDA)
• MaryCLE v. First Choice Internet, Inc., (Md. Cir. Ct 2004) (striking down Maryland SPAM law as a violation of the dormant Commerce Clause)
• Ferguson v. Friendfinders, Inc., 94 Cal. App. 4th 1255 (1st Dist. 2002) (upholding California anti-spam statute)
• State v. Heckel, 24 P3d 404 (Wash. 2001) (upholding Washington's anti-spam statute)

Enforcement Cases

Federal Action

• FTC Definitions and Implementation Under the CAN-SPAM Act, __ Fed Reg __ (____ 2008)
• FTC Press Release: "The Federal Trade Commission has approved four new rule provisions under the Controlling the Assault of Non-Solicited Pornography and Marketing Act of 2003 (CAN-SPAM or the Act). The provisions are intended to clarify the Act's requirements. The provisions and the Commission's Statement of Basis and Purpose (SBP) will be published in the Federal Register shortly. The new rule provisions address four topics: (1) an e-mail recipient cannot be required to pay a fee, provide information other than his or her e-mail address and opt-out preferences, or take any steps other than sending a reply e-mail message or visiting a single Internet Web page to opt out of receiving future e-mail from a sender; (2) the definition of "sender" was modified to make it easier to determine which of multiple parties advertising in a single e-mail message is responsible for complying with the Act's opt-out requirements; (3) a "sender" of commercial e-mail can include an accurately-registered post office box or private mailbox established under United States Postal Service regulations to satisfy the Act's requirement that a commercial e-mail display a "valid physical postal address"; and (4) a definition of the term "person" was added to clarify that CAN-SPAM's obligations are not limited to natural persons. In addition, the SBP accompanying the final rule also addresses a number of topics that are not the subject of any new rule provisions. These include: CAN-SPAM's definition of "transactional or relationship message"; the Commission's decision not to alter the length of time a "sender" of commercial e-mail has to honor an opt-out request; the Commission's determination not to designate additional "aggravated violations" under the Act; and the Commission's views on how CAN-SPAM applies to forward-to-a-"friend" e-mail marketing campaigns, in which someone either receives a commercial e-mail message and forwards the e-mail to another person, or uses a Web-based mechanism to forward a link to or copy of a Web page to another person. The SBP explains that, as a general matter, if the seller offers something of value in exchange for forwarding a commercial message, the seller must comply with the Act's requirements, such as honoring opt-out requests."
• FTC Spam Summit July 2007
• FTC Study Shows Technology Gaining in the Battle Against Spam, FTC 11/29/2005
• Spam Emails About Hurricane Katrina Charities and News May be Scams, FTC 9/19/2005
• A Comparative Analysis of Spam Laws: The Quest for a Model Law, ITU 7/29/2005
• ITU Global Survey of Anti-Spam Laws and Authorities, ITU 8/5/2005
• FTC Survey Tests Top E-Tailers’ Compliance with Can-Spam’s Opt-Out Provisions, FTC 8/2/2005
• FTC NIST Email Authentication Summit Nov 2004
• Sender ID Up for Discussion in D.C., InternetNews 11/9/2004
• Ownership of Anti-Spam Measure Queried at Talks, Reuters 11/9/2004
• E-Mail Firms Seek Spam Solution, Wash Post 11/9/2004
• FTC, NIST to Host Email Authentication Summit, FTC 11/5/2004
• Experts say spam fight needs to be more strategic, NWFusion 11/3/2004
• Senate Commerce Committee Can Spam Act Hearing May 20, 2004
• Feb 17 2004 NIST "Spam Technology"
• FTC Chairman Calls Spam "One of the Most Daunting Consumer Protection Problems FTC Has Ever Faced", FTC 8/20/03
• No "Silver Bullet" to Limit Spam, FTC Tells Congress, FTC 5/21/03 The Federal Trade Commission today told Congress that there is no "silver bullet" to solve the problems of increasing volume, increasing costs, and increasing international effects of spam. In testimony before the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation, Commissioners Mozelle W. Thompson and Orson Swindle told the panel "Solving the problem of bulk unsolicited commercial e-mail will likely necessitate an integrated effort involving a variety of technological, legal, and consumer action, rather than one single solution."
• FTC Publishes Agenda for Three-day Public Spam Workshop, FTC 4/21/03
• FTC To Host Spam Report Discussion, FTC 4/28/03
• FTC Measures False Claims Inherent in Random Spam, FTC 4/30/03
• FTC Obtains Order Barring Pop-up Spam Scam, Urges Consumers to Take Steps to Protect Themselves, FTC 11/7/2003
• Exploitation of Microsoft Windows “Messenger Service” Causes Consumer Concern, FTC 11/7/2003
• Deceptive Spammers Settle FTC Charges FTC 10/24/02
• Unsolicited Commercial E-Mail (Spam) Could Chill Consumer Confidence in Online Commerce: FTC  November 3, 1999
• Raymond B. Everett, Guerrilla Warfare: A System Administrator's Perspective on Unsolicited Commercial E-Mail, Comments for the FTC Consumer Privacy Hearings 1997

Papers

• FTC Papers
  • Securing Your Server — Shut the Door on Spam [TXT] [PDF]
  • “Remove Me” Responses and Responsibilities: Email Marketers Must Honor “Unsubscribe” Claims [TXT] [PDF]
  • Consumer Alert: Who's Spamming Who? Could it be You?
  • Open Relays Close the Door on Spam
  • Email Address Harvesting: How Spammers Reap What You Sow [TXT] [PDF]
  • Don't Want Your Email Address Harvested? [TXT] [PDF]
  • Spam Email Website [TXT]
  • Chain Email Website [TXT]
  • You've Got Spam: How to "Can" Unwanted Email [TXT] [PDF]
  • What's In Your In-box? [TXT] [PDF]
  • Unsolicited Mail, Telemarketing and Email: Where to Go to "Just Say No" [TXT] [PDF]
  • FTC Names Its Dirty Dozen: 12 Scams Most Likely To Arrive Via Bulk Email [TXT] [PDF]
• US CERT Reducing Spam
• Shaobin Zhu, Does the U.S. SAFE WEB Act Strike the Proper Balance Between Law Enforcement Interests and Privacy Interests?, Shidler JL Communication & Tech 10/2/2008
• Youngsang Shin, Minaxi Gupta, Rob Henderson, Separating Wheat from the Chaff: A Deployable Approach to Counter Spam (June 2006)
• Roger A Ford, Preemption of State Spam Laws by the Federal CAN-SPAM Act, SSRN 4/8/2005
• Noncommercial Email Lists: Collateral Damage in the Fight Against Spam, EFF 3/4/2005
• NYAG Tips for Limiting SPAM
• Shelley Cobos, "A Two-Tiered Registry System to Regulate Spam", UCLA JOLT 5/7/2004
• Webcast: End-to-end, Spam, and DoS: Threats to the Model That Made the Internet Great, NANOG 3/26/2004
• Final Report of the NOIE (National Office for the Information Economy) Review of the Spam Problem and How It Can Be Countered Australia 2003
• Brightmail, The State of SPAM: Impact and Solutions Jan 2003
• Stephen Copp. The Economics of SPAM ePrivacy (Feb 2003) http://www.spamhelp.org/articles/economics_of_spam.pdf
• Shelley Cobos, A Two-Tiered Registry System to Regulate SPAM (recommending that ISPs be licensed by the FCC in order to provide email service)
• Anne Zieger, A survey of the latest technologies for beating wireless spam, IBM DeveloperWorks Feb 2002
• Comment: The TCPA: A Justification for the Prohibition of Spam in 2002?, 3 N.C. J.L. & Tech. 3 73 (2002) by Cindy M. Rice, NC JOLT 9/18/02
• CDT, Ad-Hoc Working Group's Report on Unsolicited Commercial Email
• Unsolicited Commercial Communications and Data Protection; 2001 European Commission report
• Lawrence Lessig, "The Spam Wars," The Industry Standard, December 31, 1998 <http://www.thestandard.com/articles/display/0,1449,3006,00.html>
• William S. Galkin, The Law of Spam, 1 COMPUTER LAW OBSERVER 20, Nov. 1996

Statistics

• Everyone Uses E-mail, But Blogging Is On the Decline, Pew 12/17/2010
• Online Living Report 2009, p. 1 Symantec 92% adults use email; 73% kids surveyed sent email from cell phone
• One in Five U.S. Households Has Never Used E-mail, Park Associates 5/13/2008
• Percentage of Employees that use email at work. Vermont Telecommunications Plan, Sept 2004 p. 4-32
• "The International Data Corporation (IDC) estimates that there are about 700 million electronic mailboxes in the world and that the number will grow to 1.2 billion in 2005.4 IDC estimates that e-mail volume will continue to expand rapidly. Estimates suggest that some 31 billion messages were sent over the Internet in 2002, and that the number will reach or surpass 60 billion in 2006."  OECD Background Paper For the OECD Workshop on SPAM   DSTI/ICCP(2003)10/FINAL  Jan 22, 2004
• "seven ISPs that collectively control over 50 percent of the market for consumer email accounts" - Report to Congress: A CAN SPAM Informant Reward System, FTC Sept 2004
• America's Online Pursuits Pew Internet Jan 2004 Email continues as the killer App
• E-mail viruses double in 2002, ZDNet 12/16/02
• Over 60 billion daily email messages to be sent, NUA 10/3/02
• "In sum, emailing and information searching are most popular among broadbanders." Pew Internet, The Broadband Difference, at 17 (2002)
• Spam stats for a single user since 1996
• SpamRankings.net
• The Deadly Duo ? Spam and Viruses ? October 2004, Clickz 11/19/2004
• The Deadly Duo: Spam and Viruses, March 2006, Clickz 4/28/2006
• The Deadly Duo: Spam and Viruses, August 2005, Clickz September 2005
• Spam and Phishing, Pew 4/11/2005
• The Deadly Duo: Spam and Viruses, January 2005, clickz 2/18/2005
• The Deadly Duo - Spam and Viruses - 2004 Year-End Recap, clickz 1/11/2005
• OECD Background Paper For the OECD Workshop on SPAM   DSTI/ICCP(2003)10/FINAL page 9  Jan 22, 2004
• AntiSpam Software Statistics
• Bloodgate Spam Statistics
• ciphertrust phishing attacks
• Composite Blocking List
• Demise of Rustock
• Commtouch Spam Statistics
• Spam Filter Review Spam Statistics
• AntiSpam Software Statistics
• Bloodgate Spam Statistics
• Brightmail SPAM Stats
• Spam Filter Review Spam Statistics
• Spam stats for a single user since 1996
• Report to Congress: A CAN SPAM Informant Reward System, p. 2 FTC Sept 2004
• "consumers who are now forwarding 300,000 pieces of spam daily to the FTC spam database"
• "as much as 90 percent of spam is untraceable

Links

• Government
  • Federal Communications Commission Consumer Bureau
    • Unwanted Faxes: What You Can Do
    • Unwanted Telephone Marketing Call  * (PDF format)
  • Federal Trade Commission
    • Factsheet: Net Based Business Opportunities: Are Some Flop-portunitites?
    • FTC Consumer Alert: 'Net-Based Business Opportunities: Beware of Flop-portunities
  • Internet Crime Complaint Center
    • About ICCC "The Internet Fraud Complaint Center (IFCC) was established as a partnership between the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and the National White Collar Crime Center (NW3C) to serve as a means to receive Internet related criminal complaints, research, develop and refer the criminal complaints to law enforcement agencies for any investigation they deem to be appropriate. The IFCC was intended, and continues to emphasize serving the broader law enforcement community, to include federal, as well as state and local agencies, which are combating Internet crime and in many cases participating in Cyber Crime Task Forces." Internet Crime Complaint Center
    • "The IC3 receives more than 17,000 complaints every month from consumers alone...over 25 percent of all complaints to the IC3 involve some use of spam electronic mail." Senate Commerce Committee Can Spam Act Hearing May 20, 2004  The Testimony of Ms. Jana D. Monroe  Assistant Director, Cyber Division, Federal Bureau of Investigation
• Project SLAM-Spam
• "The SLAM-Spam initiative has now moved beyond the planning stages, and has begun identifying and packaging investigations from the field. Within the last few months, the Initiative has: · Identified over 100 significant spammers · Targeted 50 Spammers so identified as points of focus for the SLAM-Spam project. · Developed ten primary subject packets developed and for referral to Law Enforcement · Linked three groups of subjects into potential organized criminal enterprises · Referred five significant ongoing investigations linked to spammers. · Over 350 compromised and misconfigured resources identified, including 50 government sites. · Engaged military criminal investigators to help identify criminal acts associated with compromised Government sites. · Identified common denominators relating to spam both domestically and internationally. · Catalogued numerous exploits and techniques being used by spammers, including e-mail harvesting, use of viruses, and turn-key tools to bypass filters. [A sample of these exploits and techniques is attached to the end of this testimony.] Future Initiatives: The FBI, via the IC3, periodically coordinates National Investigative Initiatives, together with our Federal, State, and Local partners. Such initiatives are designed to highlight escalating areas of cyber crime, and demonstrate decisive action taken by law enforcement to combat it. These events also serve to alert the public to new and evolving cyber crime schemes, such as criminal spam. Three such initiatives have been carried out over the last 2 ½ years, including Operation Cyber Loss, Operation E-Con, and most recently Operation Cyber Sweep. A succeeding initiative is being projected for later this year in which it is anticipated that criminal and civil actions under the CAN-SPAM Act of 2003 will be included. We have begun preliminary notification to our field offices of our newest initiative, underscoring our emphasis on cases involving criminal uses of spam. Such cases may be investigated and prosecuted as computer intrusion matters, or as on-line cyber frauds which may lend themselves to a variety of existing state and/or federal statutes, including the recently passed CAN-SPAM Act. Similar notifications have been or will be made through appropriate channels to the U.S. Secret Service, U.S Postal Inspection Service, the FTC, the Department of Justice, and in the state and local agencies that are members of the National White Collar Crime Center. We are already planning meetings to ensure that this initiative is on track, and to further define the scope and packaging of this activity are being planned. We will be happy to brief you on the results of this initiative when it has been completed." Senate Commerce Committee Can Spam Act Hearing May 20, 2004  The Testimony of Ms. Jana D. Monroe  Assistant Director, Cyber Division, Federal Bureau of Investigation
• State Governments
  • Louisiana Rev. Stat. §73.6(B) (2003).
  • Rev. Washington Stat. §19.190.010-.050 (amended 1999).
  • Virginia’s anti-spam statute, Va. Code Ann. §18.2-152.3:1
• International
  • ITU SPU newslog on spam
  • Japan:
  • The Law on Regulation of Transmission of Specified Electronic Mail enacted July 1, 2002
  • THE FUTURE OF WIRELESS SPAM 2002 Duke L. & Tech. Rev. 0021
  • Protecting Information and Communications Users
  • Anti-spam Activities in Japan APEC Telecommunications and Information Working Group29th Meeting | 21-26 March 2004 | Hong Kong, China pdf
• OECD SPAM
• The Coalition Against Unsolicited Commercial Email
• Cyberpromotions
• Composite Blocking List
• Consumers Union
• DB Origins of SPAM Weekly SPAM Analysis
• Fight Spam on the Internet
• Get that Spammer!
• Institute for SPAM and Internet Public Policy
• Internet Research Task Force (IETF & ISOC) Anti Spam WG
• Monty Python SPAM Skit
• Transcript
• My Net Watchman Detection of whether your computer has been compromised
• National Fraud Information Center
• Netizens Against Gratuitous Spamming (NAGS)
• Not Just Another Bogus List
• Paul Ruschmann Anti-SPAM Laws (good state material)
• Quantum Communications, Inc.
• Spam Media Tracker
• Spam.Anti Page
• Spamhaus
• Spamlaws.com
• State laws
• SpamRankings.net
• Sue Spammers.org
• TCS Wireless SPAM Solutions
• TISPA Spam Information Page
• Yahoo! Mail, Be a Better Inbox Defender!

Books

• Geoff Mulligan, Removing The SOAM: Email Processing and Filtering (1999)
• Alan Schwartz and Simon Garfinkel, Stopping Spam (O'Reilly and Associates 1998)

News

• U.S. v. Smallwood, JOLT Digest 8/10/2011
• Court Rejects First Amendment Challenge to CAN-SPAM Indictment -- US v. Smallwood, Tech & Marketing Law 7/28/2011
• New FTC Video Helps Businesses Comply with CAN-SPAM Rule, FTC 7/15/2011
• Report: Spam is at a two-year high, CW 8/18/2011
• Spam king Sanford Wallace indicted for Facebook spam, CW 8/5/2011
• FCC Targets Spoofing, CommLawBlog 7/8/2011
• Smishing: another crimeware that threats mobile phone users' security, Global Crossing 5/20/2011
• Report: United States is world's top spammer, CNET 10/15/2010
• Spam Volumes Down But Exact Cause Unknown, Circleid 10/8/2010
• Facebook's CAN-SPAM Claim Survives Advertiser's Motion to Dismiss, Ecommerce Times 4/8/2011
• Spam Volumes In 2010, Circleid 1/4/2011
• Email's Not Dead, Neither is Spam, CircleID 11/17/2009
• Spammers Continue To Abuse The Names Of Top Government Executives By Misusing The Name Of The United States Attorney General, IC3 10/29/2009
• Swine Flu Phishing Attacks and Email Scams, US CERT 4/28/2009
• Spam 'produces 17m tons of CO2', BBC 4/16/2009
• Q1 2009 CAN-SPAM Quick Recaps, Tech & Marketing Law 4/9/2009
• Lawless Canada Emerging as a Spam Haven, CircleID 12/5/2008
• The Best Way To Stop Spam: Kill The Margins, Techdi` 12/2/2008
• Spam plummets after Calif. hosting service shuttered, CW 11/13/2008
• Spam declines after hosting company shut-down, CNET 11/13/2008
• Spam Volumes Dropped by Two-Thirds After Major Spam Hub Shut Down, CircleID 11/13/2008
• Government spam blocking not a violation of First Amendment right to petition, Internet Cases 11/7/2008
• CAN-Spam-a-Friend?--Hoang v. Reunion.com, Tech & Marketing Law 10/30/2008
• Virginia: Spam Law Struck Down on Grounds of Free Speech, NYT 9/16/2008
• ISPs worry that Net safety bills would outlaw e-mail, CNET 2/24/2009
• Virginia: Spam Law Struck Down on Grounds of Free Speech, NYT 9/16/2008
• Prevent spam by using a disposable e-mail address, CNET 7/21/2008
• Spammer gets 30 months for inundating AOL subscribers, CW 7/18/2008
• McAfee reports on spam in the real world, CNET 7/3/2008
• Spam fighters lay down gauntlet, BBC 6/30/2008
• SPIT is in Everyone's Mouth, Though Not Yet in Everyone's Ears, CircleID 6/17/2008
• Anti-Spam Law Violates Free Speech Protections, Says Virginia Court Appeal, CircleID 6/6/2008
• Google Docs used in latest spam attack, CNET 5/28/2008
• Spam Spikes: A Real Risk to Your Business, CW 5/15/2008
• Significant Chunk of IP Address Space Hijacked by Notorious Mass Emailing Company, CircleID 5/1/2008
• Feds Snag 'Spam King' in Stock Scheme Sweep, Ecommerce Times 1/8/2008
• Spammer Alan Ralsky Finally Indicted, Techdirt 1/8/2008
• Spamming printers from the Web? Researcher shows how, CW 1/10/2008
• Study: 95 percent of all e-mail sent in 2007 was spam, CNET 12/18/2007
• Spam Spreads Storm Trojan Across Internet, eWeek 8/24/2007
• In Which It Is Asked, Is It Possible to be Online and Not Be "Commercial"? Aitken v. Communications Works of America, Cybertelecom 8/20/2007
• MySpace messages treated like e-mail under CAN-SPAM, Internet Cases 8/16/2007
• Spam Distribution Infrastructure: New Study Finds 94% of Scams Hosted on Individual Web Servers, CircleID 8/14/2007
• The CAN-SPAM Act can seem confusing. What are the keys a marketer ..., B2B Magazine 7/27/2007
• Spam About to Get Worst, Says Former Spammer in New Book, CircleID 7/24/2007
• Spam Spread Goes Global, Emarketer 7/24/2007
• (Don't) Open Your Online Greeting Card - It's not from your neighbor or family member, DSLreports 7/24/2007
• US, China top quarterly Sophos list of spam-relaying countries, CW 7/22/2007
• Former spammer: 'I know I'm going to hell', CW 7/22/2007
• FBI Warns Public Of E-mail Scams, Ic3 7/18/2007
• Spam Summit: The Next Generation of Threats and Solutions, FTC 7/10/2007
• The Can Spam Failure - Four years later..., DSLreports 8/9/2007
• Spam Up, Annoyance Down?, Verizon 6/19/2007
• Four More ISPs To Make Marketers Pay Up Because Their Spam Filters Don't Work, Techdirt 6/8/2007
• Spammers establishing use of artificial intelligence, CW 6/1/2007
• "Spam King" Soloway's arrest could not stop Spam flow, Money Times 6/1/2007
• Spam 2007, Pew 5/25/2007
• Standards Group OKs E-Mail Validation Spec, Internet News 5/25/2007
• Can-Spam put to the test, CNET 5/22/2007
• Spam volumes predicted to make up 90% of email by end of 2007, Arabian Business 4/12/2007
• CAN-SPAM Act - Is it working? You Decide, Linux Journal 4/3/2007
• Affiliate Spam Liability is Fact Question--US v. Cyberheat, Tech & Marketing Law 3/14/2007
• Spanish industry group warns users of 'Castro is dead' spam, America's Network 1/23/2007
• FBI warns users on death threat email scam, America's Network 1/17/2007
• ONLINE EXTORTION E-Mail Scam Includes Hit-Man Threat, FBI 1/17/2007
• Spam is Back, Freedom to Tinker 12/8/2006
• Spam, Spam, Spam!, emarketer 12/1/2006
• CAN SPAM Still Not Canning Much Spam, Techdirt 11/2/2006
• Spam Spikes, Spammers Scoff At CAN-SPAM, InternetWeek 11/2/2006
• International anti-spam initiatives unite at the IGF, OECD 11/2/2006
• Rising Stakes in the Spam Wars, BWO 9/18/2006
• Spam's Next Target: IM, Internet Week 8/8/2006
• U.S. Still Top Spam Exporter, Broadband Reports 7/25/2006
• AOL Starts the Shake-Down, Dear AOL 5/9/2006
• FTC Calls for International Anti-Spam Efforts, Internet News 4/20/2006
• OECD urges governments and industry to do more to tackle spam, OECD 4/20/2006
• AOL Quieting Critics? - Claims petition blockade a glitch, Broadband Reports 4/14/2006
• Lawmakers Scrutinize Certified Email, DM News 4/12/2006
• Spam Changes, emarketer 1/13/2006
• Spam filters thwart junk mail menace, Register 11/29/2005
• China purges spam SMS, Register 10/7/2005
• DearAOL.com Coalition Grows From 50 Organizations to 500 In One Week, EFF 3/7/2006
• Plan for Fees on Some E-Mail Spurs Protest, IHT 3/2/2006
• Challenge mounted to AOL and Yahoo's plan to charge for e-mail, IHT 2/28/2006
• Coalition representing 15 million fights AOL plan, USA Today 2/28/2006
• Political Group Tries To Stop AOL's Certified Email Service, InternetWeek 2/17/2006
• Russian Spammer Beaten to Death, Privacy Clue 7/26/2005
• Russian spammer murdered, Register 7/26/2005
• CAN-SPAM or Cannot, That Is the Question, Ecommerce Times 8/5/2005
• Yours Truly on Dateline NBC, Privacy Clue 8/5/2005
• Most Spam Sent From Zombies, Information Week 8/12/2005
• E-Mail Authentication: Holy Grail or Lost Cause?, Newsfactor 8/16/2005
• Spam King Settles with Redmond, Red Herring 8/9/2005
• AOL giving away a spammer's Hummer, Bizjournal 8/12/2005
• U.S. Ready For Marketing Via Text Messages, Internet Week 8/16/2005
• News from the Authentication Summit in NYC, CircleID 7/22/2005
• New Spam-Fighting Technique Criticized (AP), Yahoo! 7/22/2005
• Why Spam Works, emarketer 7/19/2005
• Cisco covets anti-spam role, Network World 7/19/2005
• China signs on to international anti-spam pact, Network World 7/5/2005
• The Fight Against Spam, Wash Post 7/5/2005
• A Comparative Analysis of Spam Laws: the Quest for Model Law, Berkman 6/29/2005
• Limits of Security Technology: Lessons from the Spam Wars., John Levine 6/29/2005
• There Is No "Spam Problem", CircleID 6/15/2005
• Spam, viruses ebb slightly, Bizjournal 6/14/2005
• Consumers Remain at Great Risk from Spamming, Phishing, Ecommerce Times 6/14/2005
• Netizens learning to tolerate spam - study, Register 4/11/2005
• US still leads global spam list, BBC 4/8/2005
• Sex And Drugs Top Words Spammers Disguise, Infoweek 3/22/2005
• Microsoft Data Shows E-Mail Authentication Effective, Clickz 3/9/2005
• The Deadly Duo: Spam and Viruses, February 2005, Clickz 3/22/2005
• EU and Asia unite against "spam", Europa 2/25/2005
• FTC, Spanish Data Protection Agency Working Together to Fight Illegal Spam, FTC 2/25/2005
• Spam gets vocal with VoIP, Register 2/18/2005
• Spamming trick adds to pressure on ISPs, experts say, Infoworld 2/8/2005
• CAN-SPAM Act Appears To Be a Failure, Ecom times 2/1/2005
• Losing the Spam Battle, Newsfactor 2/1/2005
• Law Barring Junk E-Mail Allows a Flood Instead, NYT 2/1/2005
• CAN-SPAM in Effect?, Internet news 1/4/2005
• Verizon's E-Mail Embargo Enrages, Wired 1/11/2005
• Anti-spam screensaver scrapped, BBC 12/7/2004
• Lycos Withdraws Spam Screensaver, Newsfactor 12/7/2004
• Spammers in Shooting War with Lycos Europe, eweek 12/3/2004
• Lycos pulls anti-spam screensaver from site, Infoworld 12/3/2004
• Verizon persists with European email blockade, Register 1/14/2005
• Spammer Technique Straining Domain Name System Servers, Ecom times 1/11/2005
• Spam e-mails tempt net shoppers, BBC 12/10/2004
• Screensaver tackles spam sites, BBC 11/30/2004
• Freeze on anti-spam campaign, BBC 12/3/2004
• Spam Summit Kicks Off, InternetNews 10/12/2004
• Call for global action on spam, BBC 10/12/2004
• Anti-Spam Effort Killed Amid Patent Row, Wash Post 9/29/2004
• Hurricanes Affecting Spammers?, Slashdot 9/17/2004
• Less junk in your in-box?, CNET 9/10/2004
• Back-to-school, politics spur spam to new heights, NWFusion 9/10/2004
• Spammers exploit anti-spam trap, BBC 9/7/2004
• 'DNA analysis' spots e-mail spam, BBC 8/25/2004
• US tops league of spammers, BBC 8/25/2004
• IM spam heads for your PC, BBC 8/25/2004
• Text Messages for Critical Masses, Wired 8/12/2004
• OECD task force on spam, NW Fusion 8/12/2004
• Pop-up Ad Spammers Settle FTC Charges, FTC 8/9/2004
• Spain's national ISP blocked by anti-spammers, New Scientist 4/27/2004
• European anti-spam laws lack bite, BBC 4/30/2004
• U.N. Aims to Bring Spam 'Epidemic' to End, eWeek 7/7/2004
• ITU Gives Spam 2006 Expiration Date, Newsfactor 7/7/2004
• China remains haven for spam Web sites, NWFusion 7/2/2004
• Spammer prosecutions waste time and money (, Register 6/17/2004
• Spam Is Still Growing--and Costing, ZDNN 6/14/2004
• Net Rivals Embrace to Fight Spam, Wired 6/4/2004
• A New Chinese Specialty: Spam, BWO 5/20/2004
• Spamming for Dollars, Wash Post 5/20/2004
• Spam-killer scooped up, USA Today 5/20/2004
• Court takes gag off antispam service, CNET 5/14/2004
• Canada launches anti-spam task force, Globe and mail 5/11/2004
• Sick of Spam? Prepare for Adware, Wired 5/7/2004
• Tech Giants Call for New Mobile Top-Level Domain, TechNewsWorld 3/11/2004
• New Domain Is Proposed, NYTimes 3/11/2004
• Spam's 'dirty dozen' exposed, CNET 3/1/2004
• Sending e-mail can be a struggle if your name has a 4-letter word, Mercury 2/24/2004
• FTC Searches for a More Explicit E-Mail Warning, Wash Post 2/24/2004
• Maryland's Spam Deterrence Act, Govt Tech 4/16/2004
• Spam still a pain in the in-box, says survey, CNET 3/18/2004
• Legal experts urge spam leniency, CNET 3/18/2004
• PIP Data Memo: The CAN-SPAM Act has not helped most email users so far, Pew Internet 3/18/2004
• Experts: Spammers Will Survive, Wash Post 3/11/2004
• Sham Site Is a Scam: There Is No "National Do Not E-mail Registry", FTC 2/12/2004
• US anti-spam law fails to bite, BBC 2/10/2004
• Study: Spammers turning blind eye to the law, CNET 2/10/2004
• Coming soon to your IM client: Spim, NWFusion 2/10/2004
• How to make spam unstoppable, BBC 2/5/2004
• E-mail service vows to stop spam, spare the good, CNET 2/5/2004
• Can - Spam Act Can ' t Can Spam, Info Week 2/5/2004
• US law has not canned spam, Australian IT 2/5/2004
• There's No Spam Like American Spam, Wash Post 2/5/2004
• Gates backs e-mail stamp in war on spam, CNET 2/2/2004
• FTC proposes adult spam labels, CNET 2/2/2004
• FTC eyes network operators in spam battle, CNET 2/2/2004
• FTC and International Agencies Announce "Operation Secure Your Server", FTC 2/2/2004
• FTC Seeks Public Comment on Adult Content Spam Rule, FTC 2/2/2004
• California 'disempowered' by federal spam law, CNET 1/23/2004
• EVENT: "Spam Technology" February 17, 2004 (in conjunction with NIST-ITL's Advanced Network Technologies Division), NIST 1/23/2004
• Yahoo's Risky Antispam Gambit, BWO 1/15/2004
• ISPs Unite Against Spam, Internet News 1/15/2004
• New anti-spam laws failing, CNN 1/13/2004
• Spam keeps coming, but its senders are wary, CNET 1/8/2004
• Why Spammers Laugh At CAN-SPAM, BWO 1/8/2004
• Spam Is Still Flowing Into E-Mail Boxes, Wash Post 1/8/2004
• Spam and Small Biz: Good News, Mostly, BWO 1/5/2004
• You May Already Be a Loser Correcting California's antispam mistake, Reason 1/5/2004
• Bush signs first US anti-spam law, BBC 12/16/2003
• Will federal law can spam?, CNET 12/16/2003
• FTC Chair Discusses Anti-Spam Bill on Ask the White House, WH 12/16/2003
• Downloading double agents, CNET 2/5/2004
• The Internet is Not Falling!, Network Mag 10/14/2003
• U.S. Gov't Plans Internet Security Ads, Wash Post 10/27/2003
• Virginia busts two suspected spammers, CNN 12/12/2003
• NIST SPAM Forum, NIST 12/5/2003
• Unwanted ads prompt 'spam rage', CNET 11/25/2003
• Spam set to soar this Christmas, BBC 11/11/2003
• Gap in Windows lets in pop-ups, says FTC, CNET 11/7/2003
• FTC accuses pop-up maker of 'extortion', CNN 11/7/2003
• House passes antispam bill, CNET 11/25/2003
• Congress OKs antispam legislation, CNET 12/9/2003
• U.S. House Passes Controversial Antispam Bill, Newsfactor 11/25/2003
• Congress poised for antispam vote, CNET 11/21/2003
• Congress Reaches Deal on Anti-Spam Bill, Wash Post 11/21/2003
• Senate approves anti-spam bill, CNN 10/27/2003
• Spam: How it is hurting email and degrading life on the Internet, Pew 10/31/2003
• Spam vote nigh, USA Today 10/31/2003
• Spam 'turning people off e-mail', BBC 10/27/2003
• Study: Consumers Get Spam Savvy, Internet News 10/14/2003
• Chain Letter Spammers Settle FTC Charges, FTC 9/26/03
• California moves to ban unsolicited e-mail, CNET 9/24/03
• FTC Chair: Do-Not-Spam List Won't Help, ABC 8/20/03
• FTC chief blasts antispam bills, MSNBC 8/20/03
• Spam wars: How unwanted e-mail is burying the Internet, MSNBC 8/12/03
• End of the road for SMTP?, CNET 8/4/03
• Spam foes wary of do-not-call suits, CNET 7/30/03
• Spam fight divides on party lines, CNET 7/11/03
• Spam Costs $874 Per Employee Per Year, InfoWorld 7/2/03
• Spammers Settle FTC Charges, FTC 7/2/03
• Spam e-mail costs add up, BBC 6/30/03
• Call for global solution on 'spam', BBC 6/20/03
• Spam goes through Capitol mincer, CNET 6/20/03
• Call for global solution on 'spam', BBC 6/20/03
• Spam goes through Capitol mincer, CNET 6/20/03
• New OECD guidelines target spam, fraud, CNET 6/19/03
• Microsoft Declares War on Spammers, Newsfactor 6/19/03
• More Spam-Stopping Power, Please, ABC 6/12/03
• Senators push FTC spam proposal, CNET 6/12/03
• Spam war moves to mobile phones, MSNBC 6/12/03
• Kids Bombarded With Spam, Porn, Wired 6/12/03
• Symantec Survey Revels More Than 80 Percent of Children Using Email Receive Inappropriate Spam Daily, Symantec 6/12/03
• 4 of 5 children get e-mail spam, CNET 6/9/03
• Event: Cato: Canning Spam: Can We Shift the Cost of Unsolicited E-mail Back to Spammers? Fri June 13 RHOB, CATO 6/2/03
• Congress slams spam, CNN 5/23/03
• Feds prime new antispam weapon, CNET 5/19/03
• U.S., allies target spam-friendly servers, MSNBC 5/16/03
• EarthLink Anti-Spam Crusade, atNY 5/9/03
• EarthLink Gets $16M In Spam E-Mail Case, ABC 5/9/03
• Antispam fund aids blacklist, CNET 5/9/03
• An e-mail sent 25 years ago launched the flood of spam, BBC 5/6/03
• The Growing Crusade to Slam Spam, BWO 5/2/03
• Advocacy groups back antispam proposal, CNET 5/2/03
• Wireless spam on its way to the U.S, NW Fusion 5/2/03
• Virginia Blocks Bulk E-Mailers, Wash Post 5/2/03
• Spammers and virus writers unite, BBC 4/30/03
• Mobile promos drop off McDonald's menu, CNET 4/30/03
• Virginia enacts tough anti-spam law, MSNBC 4/30/03
• FTC Survey: Most Spam E-Mail Is Deceptive, Newsfactor 4/30/03
• Spam Becomes Public Enemy #1, Internet News 4/28/03
• What's Mightier Than Spam?, Newsfactor 4/28/03
• Spam Uniting ISPCON, Internet News 4/28/03
• Net heavyweights unite to KO spam, CNET 4/28/03
• Australia looking to ban unsolicited email, New Zealand 4/21/03
• Anti-spam laws proposed in new report (Aussie), NOIE 4/21/03
• Australia mulls global antispam effort, CNET 4/17/03
• Antispam bill reintroduced in Senate, CW 4/14/03
• Ruling Backs Anti-Spam Activist:, Wash Post 4/9/03
• Will fax ruling settle spam fight?, CNET 3/24/03
• Microsoft limits e-mail to fight spam, CNN 3/24/03
• Redesigning the Net to save it from spam, CNN 3/19/03
• Spam splatted, USA Today 3/7/03
• AOL: Spam Problem Is Getting Worse, Internet News 3/5/03
• IETF Aims To Can Spam, Register 3/3/03
• AOL takes on spam, USA Today 2/21/03
• SEC accuses Net spammer of fraud, CNET 2/21/03
• AOL, Microsoft Join Forces Against Spam, NYT 2/21/03
• Hotmail Files Anti-spam Lawsuit, Register 2/19/03
• AT&T spam filter loses valid e-mail, CNET 1/27/03
• UK still drowning in spam, NUA 1/13/03
• Spam Conference Webcast, Spam Conference 1/24/03
• Spam Costs U.S. Corporations $8.9B Per Year, USA Today 1/3/03
• FTC Plans Registry to Block Sales Calls, Wash Post 12/18/02
• AOL Slaps Back On Spammers, AtNY 12/16/02
• Spammer pays AOL millions in court case, CNET 12/16/02
• Anti-Spam Countermeasures, Forbes 12/13/02
• Spam levels still rising, NUA 12/13/02
• Spam levels 'out of control', Guardian 12/13/02
• Antispam help is on the way, NWFusion 12/4/02
• Public access to FTC hurt by spam lists, CNET 12/2/02
• Federal, State, and Local Law Enforcers Tackle Deceptive Spam and Internet Scams - FTC Launches "Spam Harvest" To Avoid Spam, ITAA 11/20/02
• CipherTrust wants your spam, CNET 11/20/02
• FTC Crackdown On Spammers Internet News 11/15/02
• Chat rooms are a primary source for spammers NUA 11/15/02
• Putting a Stop to Spam, Network Magazine November 2001
• When Everything Was Spam To ISP Wired 11/8/02
• Spam On The Rise Again BBC 11/5/02
• New Outlook to give spammers the boot CNET 11/1/02
• Unstoppable Flood of Spam Newsfactor 10/30/02
• FTC Settles With Spammers Internet News 10/24/02
• Spam Masquerades as Admin Alerts Wired 10/18/02
• Spam Opponents Turn To Lawsuits, Reuters 10/1/02
• Spam Opponents Sue To Stop Junk E-mail, Forbes 10/1/02
• Lessig: A Bounty on Spammers, CIO 9/26/02
• Spam Gang Attacks E-Mail Lists, Internet News 9/13/02
• Groups Rally To Can Spam, Internet News 9/6/02
• The spam wars, IHT 9/6/02
• Lawsuits Seek $2.2 Trillion Over 'Junk' Faxes, NYT 8/23/02
• Activists Seek $2.2 Trillion in Spam Fax Case, Newsfactor 8/23/02
• Congress Diverts Unwanted E-Mail, Wash Post 8/9/02
• Sprint Faces Ant-Spam Class Action, IDG 8/2/02
• Spam: Has it become a stalemate?, CNN 8/9/02
• Spam-Fighting Programs Proliferating, AP 8/7/02
• Ohio Governor Signs Anti-Spam Law, ISP Planet 8/2/02
• Earthlink wins spammer suit, CNET 7/19/02
• The Solution to Spam - Reverse Filtering, Newsfactor 6/10/02
• FTC To Widen Anti-Spam Efforts, Internet News 5/22/02
• Spam Bill Bound For The Senate Floor, Reuters 5/3/02
• U.S. shuts down spam scam, MSNBC 4/24/02
• EP Committee again votes for 'national choice' on e-spam, EurActiv 4/22/02
• U.S., Canadian Law Enforcement Target Fraudulent Spam, Wash Tech 4/3/02
• AOL victorious in porn-spam case, MSNBC 4/3/02
• AOL settles lawsuit against spammers, CW 4/3/02
• U.S., Canada To Go After Spammers, Internet News 4/1/02
• State Spam Laws Rarely Enforced, LA Times 4/1/02
• International Netforce Targets Deceptive Spam and Internet Fraud, FTC 4/1/02
• FTC announces spam, Net fraud crackdown , USA Today 4/3/02
• The Problem With Fighting Spam, Ecommerce Times 3/27/02
• ORBZ Demise Resurrects Spam Debate, Internet News 3/21/02
• Spam Flood Calls For Desperate Measures, CNET 3/21/02
• ORBZ Shuts Down, Internet News 3/21/02
• FTC Shuts Down 9-11 Spam Scam, Internet News 3/11/02
• China fed up with spam, Globe technology 3/4/02
• Spam Worsens, Slows AT&T E-Mail , MSNBC 2/22/02
• Spam Attack Cripples WorldNet Servers , Internet News 2/20/02
• AT&T WorldNet crushed by spam e-mails , NWFusion 2/20/02
• FTC Plans Anti-Spam Campaign, AP 2/1/02
• Calif. Court Slams Spammers, INews 1/4/02
• E-mail spam seen surging in 2002, MSNBC 12/18/01
• New programs try to head off, sort junk e-mail, Nando 12/18/01
• EU ministers back spam e-mail ban, MSNBC 12/7/01
• European ministers agree on spam ban, cookie rules, CW 12/7/01
• EU hands spam decision to governments, Guardian 11/15/01
• High Court Allows Suit Involving Tough Spam Law, AP 10/30/01
• High Court Won't Hear ESpam Case, Tech News 10/30/01
• NTT DoCoMo fights back against junk e-mail, Times India 10/30/01
• High court allows suit involving tough spam law, USAToday 10/30/01
• Can Spam Ever Be Stopped?, EComm Times 5/14/01
• Rep. Goodlatte Intros Anti-Spam Bill, WashTech 3/16/01
• U.S. Congress Set To Tackle Spammers, Ecomtimes 3/16/01
• U.S. representatives mount attack on spam, NWFusion 2/15/01
• ORBS Versus MAPS Spam-Fighters at Odds, Boardwatch Oct 2000
• Bill aims to block wireless junk email Jan 10 cnet
• European Union ponders crackdown on spam Jan 10 nandotimes

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