Cybertelecom Federal Internet Law & Policy An Educational Project

Network Reliability :: Outages

Outages CSRIC NRIC Proceedings Statistics Assessment Forensics Cybersecurity

Outages

• FCC Network Outage Reporting
• Communications Security, Reliability and Interoperability Council
• Reliability of nonresidential Internet access service. Is reliability more important than price. How reliable is your organizations Internet service. Vermont Telecommunications Plan, Sept 2004 p. 4-34
• Howard Berkowitz, Avoiding Single Point of Failure in Triple Play, NANOG real video

Communications Security, Reliability and Interoperability Council (CSRIC)

"The Communications Security, Reliability and Interoperability Council's (CSRIC) mission is to provide recommendations to the FCC to ensure, among other things, optimal security and reliability of communications systems, including telecommunications, media, and public safety."

CSRIC replaced NRIC

• CSRIC Best Practices

Reports

• WG2A - Cyber Security Best Practices (pdf)
• WG4 – BGP Security Best Practices (pdf)
• WG4 - DNS Best Practices (pdf)
• WG5 – Measurement of DNSSEC Deployment (pdf)
• WG6 – Secure BGP Deployment (pdf)
• WG7 - U.S. Anti-Bot Code of Conduct (ABCs) for Internet Service Providers (ISPs) (pdf)
• WG11 - Consensus Cyber Security Controls (pdf)

Working Groups

• WG 5: DNSSEC Implementation Practices for ISPs
• WG 6: Secure BGP Deployment
• WG 7: Botnet Remediation
• WG 11: Consensus Cyber Security Controls
• Released:  04/10/2017.  FCC ANNOUNCES THE RECHARTERING OF THE COMMUNICATIONS SECURITY, RELIABILITY, AND INTEROPERABILITY COUNCIL FOR A SIXTH TWO-YEAR TERM AND SOLICITS NOMINATIONS FOR MEMBERSHIP. (DA No.  17-343)  The FCC has rechartered CSRIC and is soliciting nominations for membership to the council.  PSHSB . https://apps.fcc.gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/DA-17-343A1.doc
  https://apps.fcc.gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/DA-17-343A1.pdf
• Released:  03/19/2015.  FCC'S PUBLIC SAFETY AND HOMELAND SECURITY BUREAU REQUESTS COMMENT ON CSRIC  IV CYBERSECURITY RISK MANAGEMENT AND ASSURANCE RECOMMENDATIONS. (DA No.  15-354). (Dkt No 15-68 ). PSHSB . TXT
• CSRIC IV, Working Group 4, Cybersecurity Risk Management and Best Practices, Final Report (2015),
• Released:  08/08/2011.  FCC ANNOUNCES MEMBERSHIP OF THE COMMUNICATIONS SECURITY, RELIABILITY, AND INTEROPERABILITY COUNCIL. (DA No.  11-1321). PSHSB . TXT

Proceedings

Reliability of America's Communications Networks Docket . Comments Due 10-92 11-60 06-119;

FCC EXPLORES WAYS TO FURTHER STRENGTHEN THE RELIABILITY OF AMERICA'S COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS.   The Commission took another step to implement the recommendations in the National Broadband Plan by adopting an NOI seeking public comment on ways to further strengthen the reliability and resiliency of America's communications networks.  News Release. (Dkt No 10-92 11-60 06-119 ). Adopted:  04/07/2011. News Media Contact: Robert Kenny at 2668, email:  Robert.Kenny   PSHSB . Contact Lisa M. Fowlkes at 7452, email:  Lisa.Fowlkes  or John Healy 2448,  John.Healy
http://hraunfoss.fcc.gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/DOC-305618A1.doc
http://hraunfoss.fcc.gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/DOC-305618A1.pdf
http://hraunfoss.fcc.gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/DOC-305618A1.txt

RELIABILITY AND CONTINUITY OF COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS, INCLUDING BROADBAND TECHNOLOGIES.   FCC Explores ways to further strengthen the reliability of America's communications networks. (Dkt No.  10-92 11-60 06-119 ). Action by:  the Commission. Comments Due:  07/07/2011. Reply Comments Due:  09/01/2011. Adopted:  04/07/2011 by NOI. (FCC No. 11-55). PSHSB   http://hraunfoss.fcc.gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/FCC-11-55A1.doc
http://hraunfoss.fcc.gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/FCC-11-55A2.doc
http://hraunfoss.fcc.gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/FCC-11-55A3.doc
http://hraunfoss.fcc.gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/FCC-11-55A4.doc
http://hraunfoss.fcc.gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/FCC-11-55A5.doc
http://hraunfoss.fcc.gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/FCC-11-55A6.doc
http://hraunfoss.fcc.gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/FCC-11-55A1.pdf
http://hraunfoss.fcc.gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/FCC-11-55A2.pdf
http://hraunfoss.fcc.gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/FCC-11-55A3.pdf
http://hraunfoss.fcc.gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/FCC-11-55A4.pdf
http://hraunfoss.fcc.gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/FCC-11-55A5.pdf
http://hraunfoss.fcc.gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/FCC-11-55A6.pdf
http://hraunfoss.fcc.gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/FCC-11-55A1.txt
http://hraunfoss.fcc.gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/FCC-11-55A2.txt
http://hraunfoss.fcc.gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/FCC-11-55A3.txt
http://hraunfoss.fcc.gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/FCC-11-55A4.txt
http://hraunfoss.fcc.gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/FCC-11-55A5.txt
http://hraunfoss.fcc.gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/FCC-11-55A6.txt

FCC Seeks Comment On Whether Rules Concerning Disruptions To Communications Should Apply To Broadband Internet Service Providers And Interconnected Voice Over Internet Protocol Service Providers Docket . Comments Due Aug 2; Replies Due Aug 16.

"Communications services delivered to end users over broadband technologies have grown in importance and now carry some of our most vital communications. Today, every sector of our Nation's economy, including the financial market, operations of most enterprises, and all levels of government, rely on broadband and Internet Protocol (IP) for communications. Americans are increasingly relying on broadband and IP-based technologies as substitutes for, or complements to, communications services provided by older, conventional communications technologies. However, the Commission's current rules regarding reporting of disruptions to communications services are limited to voice and/or paging communications over wireline, wireless, cable and satellite communications services. The current rules do not apply to disruptions of interconnected Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) or to broadband Internet services. The National Broadband Plan (NBP) recommended that the Commission initiate a proceeding to extend the Part 4 outage reporting rules to broadband Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and to interconnected VoIP service providers. The NBP reasoned that such reports would allow the Commission, other federal agencies and, as appropriate, service providers to analyze information on outages affecting IP-based networks. The NBP also suggested that gathering this information would help prevent future outages and ensure a better response to actual outages.

"In advance of a potential Commission proceeding [this is not an NPRM], the Public Safety and Homeland Security Bureau ("PSHSB" or Bureau") seeks comment and information on a variety of issues related to whether, and if so how, the Commission should expand its Part 4 rules so that they also apply to interconnected VoIP service providers and broadband ISPs. The Bureau wishes to better understand the issues related to these subject areas and anticipates using the data and other information gathered in response to this Public Notice to possibly prepare a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking for full Commission consideration and/or to recommend other action, as appropriate.

. . . . .

• Released:  07/02/2010.  Public Safety And Homeland Security Bureau Seeks Comment  On Whether  The Commission's Rules Concerning Disruptions To Communications Should Apply To Broadband Internet Service Providers And Interconnected Voice Over Internet Protocol Service Providers. (DA No.  10-1245). (Dkt No 09-137 05-271 09-47 04-35 09-51 ). Comments Due: 08/02/2010. Reply Comments Due:  08/16/2010.  PSHSB . TXT

FCC's Network Reliability and Interoperability Council

• NETWORK RELIABILITY AND INTEROPERABILITY COUNCIL TO HOLD MEETING. (DA No. 05-2968), FCC 11/18/2005
• NRIC to Hold Meeting, FCC 9/30/2005
• Network Reliability and Interoperability Council Meeting Postponed., FCC 9/19/2005
• Network Reliability and Interoperability Council to Hold Meeting., FCC 9/7/2005
• NETWORK RELIABILITY AND INTEROPERABILITY COUNCIL TO HOLD MEETING. (DA No. 05-760). OET. Contact: Jeffery Goldthorp at 1096, 2989, FCC 3/25/2005
• NRIC Meeting Notice (Dec. 6), Fed Reg 11/12/2004
• FCC Adopts Rules to Enhance Network Outage Reporting to Facilitate More Reliable Telecommunications and Promote Homeland Security., FCC 8/9/2004
• Homeland Security: Network Reliability and Interoperability Council to Hold Meeting to Review Progress and Consider Recommendations to Improve Security of Communications Networks., FCC 9/5/03
• NETWORK RELIABILITY AND INTEROPERABILITY COUNCIL TO HOLD ITS SECOND MEETING UNDER ITS RENEWED CHARTER. (DA No. 04-2951). OET. Contact: Jeffery Goldthorp at 1096, 2989, FCC 9/14/2004Network Reliability and Interoperability Council to Hold Its First Meeting Under Its Renewed Charter Tuesday, March 30, 2004., FCC 3/18/2004
• NRIC Renewal Notice, Fed Reg 1/20/2004
• Regulations
• 47 CFR § 63.100. Notification of Common Carrier of Service Disruptions.
• NB:  The FCC's Broadband NPRM askes the following:
  • 56. Second, commenters should discuss what role, if any, the Commission or its designees should have in ensuring the network reliability and interoperability of wireline  broadband Internet access services.  For telecommunications service providers, the Commission has found that network reliability is of paramount importance in any number of settings  and, in particular, has directed the Network Reliability and Interoperability Council (NRIC) to explore and recommend measures that would enhance network reliability and interconnectivity.   Commenters should address the costs and benefits of authorizing NRIC to make technical interconnectivity and interoperability recommendations with respect to wireline broadband Internet access service.

Network Reliability and Interoperability Council to Hold Meeting on December 5, 2003, FCC 11/25/2003

NRIC Best Practices

CyberSecurity Best Practices

Subcommittee 1.B: Cyber Security

Homeland Defense - Recommendations Published 14-Mar-03
Preventative Best Practices - Recommendations Published 14-Mar-03
Recovery Best Practices - Recommendations Published 14-Mar-03
Best Practice Appendices - Recommendations Published 14-Mar-03
Cybersecurity Published 14-Mar-03
Cybersecurity Published 06-Dec-02
Cybersecurity Published 13-Sep-02

NRIC VI

• FCC Network Reliability Interoperability Council Meeting October 30, 2001 with presentations on 9-11's impact on telecom. Real Audio Archive.
• Released: 05/29/2003. JUNE 13TH NETWORK RELIABILITY AND INTEROPERABILITY COUNCIL MEETING CANCELLED. (DA No. 03-1861). OET, FCC 5/30/03 "Since the March meeting, the Network Reliability and Interoperability Council (NRIC) has been actively pursuing an aggressive outreach and education program intended to increase awareness and familiarity with the homeland security best practices adopted in December and March.  The outreach campaign has included panels at industry conferences nationwide, press interviews and a planned webinar.  A number of additional events are planned to reach the wireless, Internet and small service provider communities.

There are no formal deliverables due at the upcoming June 13 NRIC meeting.  For this reason, and in order to maintain energy and focus on the important outreach activities, the June meeting has been cancelled.  The NRIC will meet again on September 15, 2003 from 1:00 pm to 4:00 pm."

• NRIC to review best practices for securing telecom networks, Telephony Onl 12/13/02
• Homeland Security: Protecting the Nation's Communications Network Against Attack Tops Agenda for Upcoming National Reliability and Interoperability Council Meeting December 6, 2002, FCC 12/2/02
• FCC Weighs Security Practices, Internet News 12/10/02
• Homeland Security: Communications Industry Considers Measures to Protect Nation's Communications Services Against Attack., FCC 12/10/02
• Industry, govt. group issues security standards, NWFusion 12/4/02
• NETWORK RELIABILITY AND INTEROPERABILITY COUNCIL TO HOLD MEETING ON SEPTEMBER 13, 2002 AT 10:00 A.M. IN THE COMMISSION MEETING ROOM. (DA No. 02-2084). OET. Contact: Jeffery Goldthor at 1096 or TTY 2989,
• March 22, 2002  Meeting
  • Real Audio
  • NRIC VI Steering Committee Pamela Stegora Axberg Presentation
  • Focus Group 1.B Cybersecurity:   Chair: Dr. Bill Hancock    Exodus     817-457-5679    Mission: Assess cyber vulnerabilities and survey current practices that address Homeland defense, and  identify best practices to mitigate consequences of cyber attacks. (prevention).   Report on best practices for recovery from cyber attacks (SS7, OSS, etc).  (restoration).   Deliverables: December, 2002 & 12 months after first meeting
• Released: 03/14/2002. NETWORK RELIABILITY AND INTEROPERABILITY COUNCIL TO HOLD MEETING. (DA No. 02-606). OET. Contact: Robert Kimball at 2339, 2989, FCC 3/15/02
• QWEST COMMUNICATIONS CEO JOSEPH NACCHIO ASSUMES CHAIR OF NETWORK RELIABILITY AND INTEROPERABILITY COUNCIL. FCC Chairman Michael K. Powell announced that Joseph P. Nacchio, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Qwest Communications, will chair the next term of the NRIC VI. News Release. News Media Contact: Audrey Spivack 0512 OMR DOC-218918A1.doc DOC-218918A1.pdf DOC-218918A1.txt, FCC 1/7/02

NRIC V

• NRIC Report to the Nation Jan 2002
• One Year Trial Monitoring Internet Reliability
• NRIC V held its meeting at the FCC on August 23, 2000. NRIC announced that the one year voluntary trial period of monitoring non traditional network reliability, including ISP reliability, will be initiated in September. Letters have been sent out to industry associations announcing the voluntary trail and inviting participation. The only known letter to the Internet community was to IOPS.  (NANOG, which does a significant amount of reliability work, did not apparently receive such a letter.  PJ Aduskevicz of AT&T and NRIC did make a presentation on the one year trial at the Fall meeting of NANOG. Powerpoint slides | Real Audio).  The letter includes a template for filling out outage information. Data collected from the voluntary trial will be posted at the NRIC website www.nric.org. (As of Dec 2000 no information had been posted) There will be a mid-year report and a report at the end concerning whether NRIC recommends going forward with this type of outage reporting. The Trial is being administered by the National Coordinating Center of the National Communications System.  The FCC Designated Federal Officer is Kent Nilsson.

Jan 2002:  NRIC V recommended that the voluntary outage trial not be continued.

• Network Reliability and NRIC Links
• A real audio recording of the NRIC meeting is available on the FCC website.
• Aug 23 FCC NRIC Meeting (among other things, NRIC is engaged in a one year voluntary trial of monitoring ISP reliability).
• National Coordinationg Center on Telecommunications (which mentions but does not elaborate on trial)
• July 14, 1999 NRIC IV Meeting NRIC recommends one year voluntary trial of outage reporting by ISPs (and others) to the FCC.  Powerpoint presentation
   

• Statement of NRIC V FG4 on Internet Peering. June 2001 Letter from FG4 to Jim Crowe, Chair of NRIC June 21, 2001
• Jun 26 Network Reliability and Interoperability Council 10 am - noon. Real Audio Avail.
• Released: 06/20/2001. NETWORK RELIABILITY AND INTEROPERABILITY COUNCIL TO HOLD MEETING. (DA No. 01-1471). OET. Contact: Kent Nilsson at 0845, 2989, Real Audio and streaming video access to the meeting will be available at http//www.fcc.gov DA-01-1471A1.pdf DA-01-1471A1.doc DA-01-1471A1.txt, FCC 6/21/01
• Released: July 31, 2000. NETWORK RELIABILITY AND INTEROPERABILITY COUNCIL TO HOLD MEETING.Contact Kent Nilsson 0845. (DA No. 00-1700). Internet URL:  fcc
• Mar 20. FCC's NRIC V to meet - discussion includes Y2K and reliability of packet networks
• Released: February 25, 2000. FCC RENEWS AND AMENDS CHARTER OF NETWORK RELIABIITY AND INTEROPERABILITY COUNCIL.Contact: Kent Nilsson 0845. (DA No. 00-338).
• NRIC Website www.nric.org
• From the NRIC meeting Oct 14, 1999:

NRIC VI Focus Group I
Subcommitee 2
L Scerbo Telecordia

Y2K Interoprability Testing
Finding #1 and Recommendation

ISP Interoperability with Internet Backbones Networks - Gather and Analyze
Information on Interoperability Testing Plans

7/14/99 This "gap" was identified by the NRIC Testing subcommittee and
reported to the President's Council on Y2K at the NSTAC meeting in June.
The President's Council will pursue ISP interoperability with NSF and other
agencies.  Subcommittee 2 requested to monitor results.

10/14/99  Status:  Interoperability testing now planned between a large ISP
and a major Internet backbone provider

Focus Group III
PJ Auduskevicz
ATT
 

• n A voluntary trial is recommended with participation by service providers of CMRS (Commercial Mobile Radio Service), satellite, cable, data networking and ISPs to alert NCS/NCC of "widespread outages" that have significant public impact.
• n A process for reporting data during the voluntary trial including what report fields need to be populated and time frames for filing reports has been addressed and will be included in the Final Report.
• n Industry associations should provide an informational notice to their members to inform them of the voluntary outage reporting trial and encourage their participation.
• n Analysis of the data from the voluntary trial should be done by a neutral party similar to the analysis conducted on wireline carrier segments.
• u At the completion of the voluntary trial period (minimum 1 year) an evaluation of the effectiveness of the data for usefulness to participants and the FCC should be undertaken.

Data to be held confidential (potential FOIA exemption may be needed in
order to facilitate participation in the voluntary trial).
 

ISPs  Alert Situation Criteria:  A failure that would cause a loss of
service to a large number of customers for 30 minutes or more.  Outage
examples:  A DNS failure
 

Focus Group III will place its proposal online for comments.  The comment
period proposed is as follows:

Reports posted on FCC web site                        Nov. 23
Comment period for NRIC members               Nov. 23 - Dec. 7
Comment period closed                         Dec. 7
Reports revised as appropriate                        Dec. 15
Final reports available on FCC web site         Dec. 16

• July 14, 1999 NRIC IV Meeting
• NRIC recommends one year voluntary trial of outage reporting by ISPs (and others) to the FCC.  Powerpoint presentation

NRIC recommends assessment of the Y2K readiness of Internet Backbones. Powerpoint presentation. Slide 38.

• In 1996, in response to the Telecom Act of 1996, the FCC changed the "Network Reliability Council" into the "Network Reliability and Interoperability Council.  61 FedReg 26516 (May 29, 1996).
• The Network Reliability Council was established in 1991.  56 FedReg 65900 (Dec 19, 1991) ("The Federal Communications Commission has established an Advisory Committee, called the Network Reliability Council, to provide recommendations to the Commission that will help prevent network outages or limit their impact.")  The first meeting was held on February 27, 1992.  57 Fed Reg 4757 (Feb 7, 1992).

 

Best Practices

• NRIC Best Practices
• CyberSecurity Best Practices
• Subcommittee 1.B: Cyber Security

  Homeland Defense - Recommendations Published 14-Mar-03
  Preventative Best Practices - Recommendations Published 14-Mar-03
  Recovery Best Practices - Recommendations Published 14-Mar-03
  Best Practice Appendices - Recommendations Published 14-Mar-03
  Cybersecurity Published 14-Mar-03
  Cybersecurity Published 06-Dec-02
  Cybersecurity Published 13-Sep-02

• Internet Security Alliance
• Best Practices for
• Executives
• small and medium businesses
• The ISAlliance "Common Sense Guide to Cyber Security for Small Businesses"[.pdf 1,663 KB]
• home computing

Waking the Castle -- Cyber Security Best Practices (December, 2004)

• North American Electric Reliability Council
• Reliability Standards :: Critical Infrastruction Protection (Best Practices)
• NANOG Security Curriculum

Tools

• Telecommunications Priority Service
• NCS
• Government Emergency Telecommunications Service
• Wireless Priority Service

Issues

• Emergency Communications Plan
• Notice of Event
  • EAS
  • 911
  • Media - News
  • DHS - US CERT
  • NCS NSTAC
• Communications After Event
  • Communications contacts at other networks (NANOG)
  • After hour contacts
• Communications Restoration
  • Provider cooperation agreements
  • Backup Business Operations
• Accounts, Billing, Customer Service, personnel, salaries
• Emergency Communications
• Priority Communications
• Redundant lines - multihomed
• Backup Power
• Redundant supplies
• Generators
• Air Filters
• Fuel Supply during emergency
• Diesel has limited storage life
• Batteries
• System Tests
• Redundancy
• Alternative hosts
• Security
• Physical Security for Communications Infrastructure
• Encryption
• Environmentals
• Air conditioning or water cooling (water supply)
• human needs
• Location of infrastructure relative to flood water

Links

• DHS :: NCSD :: US CERT :: NCS "The NCS monitors the vulnerabilities of the telecommunications industry; and coordinates national security and emergency preparedness (NS/EP) communications for the federal government during non-terrorism related emergencies, terrorist attacks, and recovery and reconstitution operations.”
• Australian Computer Emergency Response Team
• Asia Pacific Security Incident Response Coordination (APSIRC)
• Canadian Computer Emergency Response Team (CanCERT)
• CDT's Counter Terrorism Webpage
• CERIAS / Purdue University
• CERT-UU Netherlands
• Computer Crime Research Center
• Computer Operations, Audit, and Security Technology COAST Perdue Uni
• Computer Security Incident Response Team - World Site (CSIRT.WS)
• Computer Security Institute
• Cyber Security Policy and Research Institute
• DFN CERT (German and English)
• DShields.org
• Educause EDUCAUSE/Internet2 Computer and Network Security Task Force
• Forum of Incident Response and Security Teams
• George Mason University Law School Critical Infrastructure Protection Project
• Infrastructure Mapping Project
• Government of Canada Office of Critical Infrastructure Protection and Emergency Preparedness
• Hacker Emergency Response Team (HERT)
• IOPS
• Internet Security Alliance
• Internet Security Systems
• Internet Traffic Report
• Matrix ISP Rating
• Internet Health Report (Keynote)
• IT ISAC
• ITAA info on IT ISAC | Press Release | Bd of Directors | Statement | FAQ | (hosted by ITAA)
• The IPv6 Information Page
• Japan Computer Emergency Response Team (JPCERT/CC)
• Johns Hopkins University Information Security Institute
• LLNL Sources for Awareness Information Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
• National White Collar Crime Center
• SANS Emergency Incident Handler
• SingCERT
• Standards Committee T1 Telecommunications
• Stay Safe Online
• Symantec Security Response
• T1A1 Technical Subcommittee, Performance, Reliability, and Signal Processing.
• University of Oregon Route Views Project David Meyer
• VirusList.com
• Virtual Librarian: Computer and Internet Security Resources
• XIWT Cross Industry Working Team:  "a multi industry coalition defining the architecture and key technical requirements for a powerful sustainable information infrastructure."

Timeline

• 2012 Hurricane Sandy
• 2010, March 5: Four undersea cables damaged as a result of earthquake in Taiwan
• December 2008 Sicily 3 cables broke, cutting most internet access to Egypt
• January 2008 Alexandria cable outage
• 2008 Hurricane Ike
  • Net outage widest since 2003, Globe and Mail 9/18/2008
  • Ike Brings Biggest Multi-State Internet Outage since 2003, Renesys 9/18/2008
  • Ike Hammers Texas Internet, Renesys 9/16/2008
• December 2006 Earthquake Taiwan
• 2005 Hurricane Katrina
• 2001:
  • Baltimore Train Tunnel Fire
  • September 11

• 1991: Asleep at the switch? : Federal Communications Commission efforts to assure reliability of the public telephone network, US CBO
• 1982: National Security Telecommunications Advisory Committee formed
• 1961: May 28: The American Republican Army blows up microwave towers in the SouthWest, disrupting 2200 telephone circuits. [Porticus]
• 1937: "service to 13,000 Cincinnati Bell telephones was knocked out when the Ohio River flooded " [Reference for Business
• 1888: Blizzard of 1888 knocks out most phone and telegraph service in the North East. [Brooks 97]

Papers

• Government
  • AmaTechTel: Network Security
  • FedCirc PADC: Patch Authentication and Dissemination Capability Jan 2003
  • FedCirc 05.22.02 Patches: Patch Authentication Dissemination Capability "Patches"
  • Influenza Pandemic: Key Securities Market Participants Are Making Progress, but Agencies Could Do More to Address Potential Internet Congestion and Encourage Readiness GAO-10-8: Published: Oct 26, 2009. Publicly Released: Oct 26, 2009.
• Resilience of the Internet Interconnection Ecosystem , European Network and Information Security Agency Dec. 31, 2010
• Andrew Snow, The Failure of Regulatory Threshold and a Carrier Standard in Recognizing Significant Communications Loss, TPRC 2003 PDF
• Inferring Internet Denial-of-Service Activity, CAIDA 2/13/03
• Internet Quarantine: Requirements for Containing Self-Propagating Code, CAIDA 2/14/03
• The Internet Under Crisis Conditions: Learning from September 11, CSTB 11/20/02
• Cert: Home Network Security
• Cherry, Improving Network Reliability - Liability Rules Must Recognize Investor Risk/Reward Strategies, TPRC 9/18/02
• Salus, Disruptions and Emergencies on the Internet, TPRC 9/18/02
• John Quarterman, Monoculture Considered Dangerous, FirstMonday (February 2002)
• CIO Cyberthreat Response & Reporting Guidelines, CIO 2/13/02
• Snow, A., Carver, C. Carrier-Industry, FCC and User Perspectives of a Long Duration Outage: Challenges In Characterizing Impact, Standards Committee T1 Telecommunications . Contribution Number T1A1.2/99-026. (1999).
• Snow, A., A Survivability Metric for Telecommunications: Insights and Shortcomings, Proceedings of the Information Survivability Workshop - ISW'98 , 135-138. (1998).
• T1A1.2 Working Group on Network Survivability Performance A Technical Report on Network Survivability. Standards Committee T1 Telecommunications , Report No. 24A. (1997).
• CERT Security and the Internet 1997
• T1A1.2 Working Group on Network Survivability Performance. A Technical Report on Enhanced Analysis of FCC-Reportable Service Outage Data, Standards Committee T1 Telecommunications. Report No. 42. (1995).
• National Security Agency Security Recommendation Guides

 

News

• Level 3's Top Ten Reasons For Cut Fiber - Hungry Squirrels and Idiots With Guns, dslreports 8/10/2011
• Fire at data centre sends Aruba offline, Netcraft 5/2/2011
• FCC EXPLORES WAYS TO FURTHER STRENGTHEN THE RELIABILITY OF AMERICA'S COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS., FCC 4/11/2011
• Verizon simulates disaster near operations center, CW 4/8/2011
• Facebook suffers 'worst outage' in 4 years; Qwest sees packet loss, CNET 9/24/2010
• New Outage Reporting Rules Not Needed, USTelecom 8/9/2010
• Fault disrupts East African net, BBC 7/7/2010
• Undersea Internet cables undergoing repairs after typhoon, CW 8/18/2009
• Datacenter Fire Grounds Bing's Travel Site, Internet News 7/7/2009
• "The Adventurous Parts of the Internet", Renesys 1/29/2009
• Internet Into Overdrive on Obama Inauguration Day, CircleID 1/21/2009
• Why Do Undersea Cables Seem To Get Severed In Bunches?, Techdirt 12/23/2008
• Deja Vu All Over Again: Cables Cut in the Mediterranean, CircleID 12/23/2008
• Undersea Cable Cuts, Internet Governance, and Lessons Learned, CircleID 12/23/2008
• Repairs Start on Mediterranean Telco Cables, Internet News 12/23/2008
• Yesterday's Internet Outage? Gunfire Related - Yee haw, let's shoot us up some fiber..., DSLreports 8/23/2007
• Power Outage Hits SF Co-location Center, Web sites, eWeek 7/27/2007
• Explosion Cuts Manhattan Internet Service, eweek 7/22/2007
• Powerful earthquake disrupts Japan communications, CW 7/18/2007
• Finns find Internet's fatal flaw, Inquirer 11/15/2005
• Key Exchange Protocol Flaw Haunts Cisco, Juniper, eweek 11/15/2005
• Cogent network seized by fiber cuts, Network World 11/18/2005
• Level 3 Communications Disruption Slows Internet, Americas Network 10/24/2005
• Comcast Reports Three Outages In A Week, InternetWeek 4/15/2005
• Comcast Internet service faces glitches, Globe and Mail 4/15/2005
• Net outage strikes Comcast, CNET 4/8/2005
• Hurricane Ivan Disconnects Cayman Islands for Two Days, InternetPerils 9/24/2004
• Akamai: Impact of Internet Attack Minimal, eWeek 6/17/2004
• Attack Knocks Major Web Sites, Wash Post 6/17/2004
• Network Reliability and Interoperability Council VII Meeting Cancelled., FCC 6/17/2004
• Outage seen at Hotmail, CNET 5/7/2004
• Level 3 problem leads to Net slowdown, CNET 2/24/2004
• Blackout Results in Widespread Network Outages, Renesys 8/20/03
• Verizon Works To Restore Phone, Internet Service, NBC4 8/20/03
• AOL-MSN outage leaves questions, CNET 9/5/03
• Firms Raced to Fix Internet Hardware Flaw, Wash Post 7/23/03
• Risk of net attack rises, BBC 7/21/03
• CA-2003-17 Exploit Available for the Cisco IOS Interface Blocked Vulnerabilities, CERT 7/21/03
• Twin flaws' double trouble, CNET 7/18/03
• Updated CERT/CC Statistics, CERT 7/18/03
• Clarke: U.S. Cybersecurity Efforts Lacking, CRN 7/16/03
• Dissertation Could Be Security Threat, Wash Post 7/8/03
• U.S. cracks down on e-tailers it sees as lax on security, IHT 7/2/03
• Government Warns of Mass Hacker Attacks, Mercury 7/2/03
• Bill Requires Hacked-Account Alert, ABC 6/27/03
• OPM speeds hiring for cybersecurity, FCW 6/24/03
• Terrorist Site Sinks Poindexter, Internet News 8/4/03
• Bracing For An Internet Disaster, ZDNet 7/19/02
• Cut cable slows Internet traffic, CNET 4/3/02
• Disaster recovery planning, NWFusion 10/26/01
• Disaster recovery research page, NWFusion 10/26/01
• Alert System Sought For Net, Wash Post 10/25/01
• Microsoft blames security community for breaches, USAToday 10/18/01
• Group would bolster communications after disasters, USAtoday 10/1/01
• FBI Lists 20 Net Security Holes, Register 10/4/01
• When Trusted Web Sites Go Bad: Another Web Weapon, Newsfactor 10/1/01
• Beware the Binary Beezlebub, Register 10/1/01
• In the event of nuclear attack, your data is safe, Register 10/1/01
• MSN users sing bye-bye buddy, CNET 7/6/01
• 'Time bomb' found in Microsoft's Visual Studio.Net Beta 2, CW 7/6/01
• MSN Messenger Suffers Fourth Day of Outages, Newsfactor 7/6/01
• China-U.S. Cable Cut Again, Infoworld 3/12/01
• Flaw Uncovered in TCP, InternetNews 3/12/01
• GAO says IRS was vulnerable to hackers, NWFusion 3/16/01
• ATM network outage at AT&T, NWFusion 2/21/01
• Beware Those Insidious Vcards, Wired 2/23/01
• McAfee Issues Controversial Bug Advisory, LATimes 2/2/01
• Internet group plans security-information exchange, CNET 2/2/01
• BIND holes mean big trouble on the Net, Register 01/29/01
• Fix For DNS Software Hole Released, Infoworld 01/29/01
• DNS software hole allows Web attacks, NWFusion 01/29/01
• Disaster Of The Day: Internet Security, Forbes 01/31/01
• Full cause of massive Internet redirection still unclear Jan 24 computerworld
• New version of Melissa virus said spreading Jan 22 nandotimes
• Assessing The MS Cyber-Attack ZDNet , 1/26/01
• Forget Hackers; Beware Of Idiots Freep, 1/26/01
• Update: Denial-of-service attack cripples Microsoft for second day NWFusion, 1/26/01
• CNN Web Sites Go Down For Almost An Hour Excite, 1/26/01
• Microsoft Crashes: The Fallout Wired, 1/26/01
• Experts: Net Companies Begging For Attack C|NET, 1/26/01
• Feds Warn Of New Year' Eve Hacker Attacks Dec 29 newsbytes
• Beware the Computer Zombies Dec 29 wired
• Report: U.S. fears Web 'zombies' Dec 29 usatoday
• Christmas computer virus resurfaces Dec 20 usatoday
• Feds Warn of Holiday Hacking Dec 18 usatoday
• FBI Hacker Sleuths Hint At Disaster Dec 18 theregister
• U.S. Could Face 'Pearl Harbor' In Cyberspace Dec 12 excite
• Schwab Admits Has 'Small' Web Security Hole Dec 12 excite
• Boost To Government Computer Security Urged Dec 12 techserver
• Bug Hunter Finds Security Flaws in Schwab Site Dec 6 internetnews
• Unhappy New Year Due To Hacker Attacks, Warns FBI Dec 4 newsbytes
• Shockwave virus upgraded to high risk Dec 4 nwfusion
• NIPC: Assessment 00-059 "W32 Navidad@M Worm" Nov 29, 2000 nipc
• Verizon Network Plagued With Outages Nov 24, 2000 internetnews
• Broken Undersea Cable Cripples Net Nov 24, 2000 NewsFactor
• Denial of Service Attacks Planned For Christmas - ISS Nov 17, 2000 newsbytes
• Love virus variant plagues email systems Oct 20, 2000 cnet
• NSI calls server failure a "major incident" Aug 25, 2000 cnet
• 'Net disaster plan proposed NWFustion Aug 9

Internet Open To Organized Attack July 27, 2000 lasvegassun

• Bells blame hardware for Web outages July 21, 2000 zdnet
• WorldCom outage ripples across Net July 14, 2000 cnet
• EarthLink problems disrupt service MSNBC 2/24
• C&W readies service guarantees for internet access InfoWorld 01/06/00
• AT&T WorldNet Service Suffers 8-Hour Outage Techweb 12/2
• WorldNet Battles Nationwide Outage InternetNews 12/2
• Outage hits Amazon sites The Register 11/22
• Toys "R" Us site suffers outage C|NET 11/8/99
• Latest DSL Outage Highlights Woes Encountered by Subscribers  LA Times 11/2/99
• Technology Spotlight: The Financial Impact of Site Outages Industry Standard 10/21/99

"Though sites will spend $40 billion this year on preventative technology, outages continue. Hurricane Floyd flooded system-recovery expert Comdisco of Rosemont, Ill., with a record 26 emergency requests for assistance recovering downed systems. The firm estimates only one-third of Net companies are prepared for such an emergency. . . "

• Outage strikes AOL home page area C|NET 10/05